73 
ones; male black with head metallic bluish purple, back metallic 
bronze, wings and tail metallic purplish black; female similar 
but duller, and less metallic; iris white............ Bronzed Grackle. 
. Tail square, the outer feathers almost or quite as long as inner ones.. . (8) 
8. Brownish above and below with a yellowish throat and breast. 
. Yellow-headed Blackbird, female. 
8. Black, eee ag or Salat HOHE any yellowish Aayahees: ..(9) 
9. Bill short and thick, its depth over half its length, plumage never 
rusty; male entirely glossy blue-black with brown head and neck; 
“J 
female entirely brownish gray.. ... : .Cowbird. 
9. Bill long and slender, its depth about half ce length 0 or ees phumage 
often with rusty. peke naw lO) 
10. Male black math a ae green eee Bac a faint Blue ney on 
head, in winter upper parts conspicuously varied with rusty ; 
female entirely dull slate, varied with rusty in winter...... 
Smet . Rusty Blackbird. 
10. Male Black ie a Peeers green “ite eae as neck with a 
beautiful violet iridescence, in winter faintly varied with 
grayish brown; female brownish gray without any rusty 
even in winter....... ae . Brewer Blackbird. 
11. Under parts mostly bright yellows ae a conspicuous black cres- 
cent on throat. reg Ae tan Ge) 
11. Under parts pale y Sina or ae without a vbinck chnoae crescent (13) 
12. Yellow of throat confined to space between the maxille: 
upper parts dark brown with conspicuous black stripes; mid- 
dle tail feathers with more or less confluent black bars not 
reaching to edge of feather. ......... fl 3 .Meadowlark. 
12. Yellow of throat spreading on aes upper wens pale g eray, 
more barred than striped; middle tail feathers with broken 
bars crossing entire feather..............Western Meadowlark. 
13. Back buffy olive, streaked with black, whole under parts yellowish 
or buffy; tail feathers stiff and pointed...........Bobolink, female. 
13. Back dusky,streaked with rusty and buffy, under parts dull white 
streaked with black, sometimes a buffy or Es tinge on throat ; 
tail feathers blunt and soft. x5 ae ee EP (14) 
14. Smaller, with a longer, feiedecee ae wing agle + nies 
depth of bill at base about 2 inch; chin and throat seldom 
pinkish, and then less deeply or extensively so..... 
.Red-winged Blackbird, Cees 
14. eee ie a bee octae poiclees’ bill; wing over 4 inches, depth 
of bill at base decidedly over 2 inch; chinand throat gener- 
ally arn this color up and more extensive. ae 
; . Northern Redwing, foritales 
15.0 Pail pat ass upper cov Pes Glen e Denia imeed slightly with vel- 
lowish; female with throat dull yellow, young male with throat 
black............... Orchard Oriole, female and immature male. 
15. Tail and its upper coverts dull yellow 
