91 
588. *Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swainson)—Arctic TOWHER. 
Northern and western Nebraska in summer, whole state during. 
migrations. Sioux, Dawes, and Cherry counties, and east in Nio- 
brara valley to its mouth, southward principally west of 100th paral- 
lel—abundant breeder: West Point, Lincoln, Beatrice, Omaha— 
abundant migrant. Arrives later than preceding species, about 
first week in April, and lingers through that month, in eastern parts 
of state, appearing again in larger numbers during October, rarely 
wintering. Some Sioux county specimens show a tendency toward 
the Spurred Towhee, 588a. P. m. megalonyx (Baird), in the slightly 
less extensive white on outer tail feathers. 
[592.1. Oreospiza chlorura (Audubon), the Green-tailed Towhee, was in- 
cluded in former lists on the authority of Baird, but the locality in 
which his specimens were taken is far without the present boundaries 
- of the state. It is, however, a common bird from May to October 
in Colorado and eastern Wyoming, and is likely to occur in western 
Nebraska, during migrations at least.] 
593. *Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus) —CARrpDINAL. 
Southeastern Nebraska. Rulo, Nebraska City, Omaha, Beatrice, 
_ Lincoln—common resident. West to Harlan county, north in winter 
rarely toWest Point, Maple Creek, and Neligh. 
595. *Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnaeus)—RoOSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. 
Eastern third of state, or about west to 98th parallel; common 
to abundant summer resident and breeder. Omaha, Peru, Beatrice, 
Lincoln, West Point, Neligh. A straggler once at Long Pine. Arrives 
first week in Mav, breeds in early June, departs in middle September. 
596. *Zamelodia melanocephala (Swainson)—-BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK. 
Representing the preceding in western half of state during the 
breeding season. Sioux county east to Valentine, Long Pine and even 
Niobrara City, and Dundy county east to Holdrege, Kearney, Dan- 
nebrog, etc.—common to abundant breeder. During migrations 
over the state. rarely, to Neligh, York, Omaha. Dates as preceding. 
597a. *Guiraca caerulea lazula (Lesson)—-WESTERN BLUE GROSBEAK. 
Over the entire state; locaJly common summer resident and breeder. 
Arrives first week in May, breeds in June, departs from middle to 
late September. Most common in Dundy, Thomas, and Cherry 
counties, and east in the Niobrara valley to Knox county; less com- 
mon in Sioux county, at Broken Bow, Grand Island, Red Cloud, 
Beatrice, Omaha, and Lincoln, 
598. *Cyanospiza cyanea (Linnaeus)—INpiGo BunTING. 
Eastern Nebraska; common summer resident and breeder west to 
the 98th meridian. Omaha, Peru, Beatrice, Lincoln, Columbus, West 
Point, Neligh—breeding. Straggling westward rarely in Niobrara 
valley to Eagle creek, Long Pine, and even Cherry county. Arrives 
first week in May, breeds early in June, departs early in September. 
