Birds on the Eastern Fronts 
appear to have beéf far more disturbed by 
the troops everywhere than by the shells 
(Zoologist, 1916, p. 122). 
KESTRELS were seen hovering, taking not 
the least notice of the bursting Turkish 
shrapnel or the detonation of the heavy 
naval guns and field artillery covering the 
advance and filling the firmament with con- 
tinuous roar (Saturday Review, 9.X.15). 
GREY SHRIKES, WARBLERS, and LARKS sat 
perched on the top of bushes, not having 
been so much upset by the commotion as to 
quit the place (Saturday Review, 9.X.15). 
CRESTED LARKS were very common and 
tame; if a shell burst in the grass or heather 
where they were, it merely caused them to 
fly up and utter their call note, and they soon 
dropped down again (Zoologist, 1916, p. 128). 
In May 1915 a WHEATEAR’S nest was 
found in a cleft on the side of a Turkish 
trench, above “‘ Lancashire Landing.’’ The 
Turks had only just evacuated the position, 
so that the birds had not been frightened 
away by the bombardment nor by the subse- 
quent landing; the female proved to be 
136 
