Effect of War on Birds 
er 
dinavia and Holland, who used to fly by way 
of the Aisne and the mud lakes of Cham- 
pagne, now make a long round by sea and 
do not touch land until they arrive off the 
coast of Brittany. SNIPE from Russia and 
Poland wing their way for sunny climes by 
way of the western coast of the Black Sea to 
gain the Bosphorus, or else cross Greece and 
Roumania. German and Danish SNIPE go 
south by way of Italy, and the THRUSHES 
escape the shrapnel of the front in France 
by crossing Switzerland and making for 
Italy. The Witp Ducxs of the eastern 
counties of England, which used to fly over 
the North Sea, have also a horror of battles, 
and now fly north, then west, and then south 
again, skirting the coast of Ireland. The 
calendar of the migrations, which for thou- 
sands of generations has been rigorously 
kept, has since the war become more elastic, 
and some birds, such as the MARTINS, have 
renounced their return journey to the north 
and remain in Tunis rearing their young ”’ 
(Daily Express, 22.1v.16). 
Another French zoologist, M. Cunisset- 
144 
