Effect of War on Birds 
stant resident in th® Carpathians, migrated 
to the Balkans, and the wild PIGEON disap- 
peared also. Ordinarily, birds in Central 
Siberia gravitate during the spring from 
south to north, in Eastern Siberia from 
south-west to north-east, and in European 
Russia from south-west to north-west. Since 
military operations were proceeding exactly 
in the region of these migratory routes, the 
flights of birds were powerfully affected, 
especially those of the STORK and SNIPE. An 
extraordinary movement of GEESE north- 
wards was reported, and this was attributed 
to the military operations in progress in 
Mitau and White Russia, which prevented 
these birds from settling there; and the same 
explanation was given for the abnormal 
number of Duck which appeared on the 
River Volkhov. Individual species of birds 
which ordinarily carry out their migratory 
flight through Poland appeared on the island 
of (sel. In the Tauride province an abun- 
dance of every kind of bird was observed in 
Ig15, particularly of those species which 
migrate through the Carpathians. Those 
146 
