Migration in War-tume 
birds whose nests were usually situated in 
localities affected by the War were perforce 
compelled to abandon their homes and mi- 
grate to other places, thus evoking an in- 
creased flight of individual kinds of birds 
to certain spots (Times, Literary Supplement, 
2Q9.Vi1.16). 
In the autumn of 1914 large flocks of GULLS 
were observed off Norfolk, flying in from the 
North Sea in so wild and erratic a fashion as 
to suggest that the explosions at sea had 
disturbed them; their appearance curiously 
synchronised with reported sea-fights. Un- 
usual flocks of STARLINGS were noticed in 
Norfolk in September 1914, and their prema- 
ture migration was attributed to the disturb- 
ing factors of battle which had driven them 
from the continental marshes (Zoologist, 1915, 
p. 392). It was reported, in the summer of 
1916, that thousands of small birds, appar- 
ently scared many scores of miles from their 
native homes, took refuge on American liners 
(Times, 4.vil.16); and the presence of a 
STORK near Carnarvon in July elicited the 
query as to whether this rare visitor had been 
147 
