Effect of War on Birds 
captain in the RFC. about March oth, 
1g18, ran into a flock of LAPWINGs at a 
height of 6,500 feet, over the line at Hulloch 
near Lens (Ibis, 1919, p. 74). Capt. Colling- 
wood Ingram, in his paper ‘‘ Notes on the 
Height at which Birds Migrate,’ gives some 
interesting figures obtained from airmen on 
the Western Front :— 
LAPWINGS were observed on fourteen occa- 
sions at between 2,000 and 8,500 feet, the 
height in the majority of cases being between 
5,000 and 6,000 feet. A flock of five hundred 
Duck, or GEESE, was observed, on Novem- 
ber 26th, 1915, at about 11,500 feet. Two 
large birds, possibly CRANES, were met near 
St. Omer, in August 1917, at 15,000 feet. 
Birds resembling LINNETS were seen over 
Bethune, on August 22nd, 1917, at a height of 
10,000 feet. About fifty Rooxs, JACKDAWS, 
or CRows were noted over Lens, in March 
1917, at 6,000 feet, and ‘‘six birds about the 
size of Rooks” over Arras, at 3,000 feet, on 
July roth, 1918. STARLINGS and FIELD- 
FARES (or REDWINGS) were observed at 3,000 
feet in March 1917. Some species of SAND- 
152 
