Introduction. vil 
ORDER II.—Scansores, or Climbers—Birds of 
this Order have their toes in pairs—two in 
front and two behind—which especially facili- 
tatesclimbing. The Cuculid@, or Cuckoo Family, 
and the Pzicid@, or Woodpecker Family, belong 
to this Order. 
ORDER III.—J/usessores, or Perchers——This 
Order embraces a greater number of species 
than any other, and comprehends all those birds 
which live habitually among trees, with the ex- 
ception of birds of prey and climbing birds: 
All true perching birds have three toes before, 
and one behind. 
ORDER IV.—Rasores, or Scratchers—Com- 
prises birds which live mainly upon the ground, 
and feed principally upon berries, buds, tender 
leaves, and grain; such as Doves, Grouse, Par- 
tridges, and Turkeys. 
ORDER V.—Grallatores, or Waders.—Birds of 
this Order live near the water, and comprise the 
Herons, Bitterns, Plovers, Snipes, Phalaropes, 
Sandpipers, and Rails. 
