TURDIDAA—CHATS. It 
the upper parts dull brown; sides of face, wings and tail, 
browner ; superciliary stripe buff. 
Adults (Winter): Like adult female in summer, but have 
the wings, wing-coverts and tail margined towards the tips 
with buffish-brown, innermost secondaries very broadly so. 
Young in first plumage: Above, greyish-brown with a 
delicate pinky tinge when living, barred and mottled with dark 
brown ; upper tail-coverts white, tipped (obscurely) with brown; 
wings and tail as in adults in winter; beneath, buffy-white, 
paler on chin and abdomen ; fore parts mottled with brown ; 
bill dark brown, paler beneath. 
Young Male in first breeding dress: Like adult 
but more cindery-grey above, shading into dull chestnut above 
rump; wings and tail dark brown, secondaries with narrow 
whitish margins: some of wing-coverts bordered with dull 
chestnut. 
Distribution : Summer visitant to Central and Northern 
Europe, extending to Iceland and Greenland, and eastwards, 
throughout Northern Siberia. In winter, ranges from Western 
and Northern Africa to Persia and Northern India. 
Habitat: Rocky hillsides, mountain-tops, stony places on 
high moors, &c. . 
BLACK-EARED CHAT. 
Saxicola aurita Zemm. 
Adult Male (Summer): Above, white, clouded with 
rufous on neck and back ; narrow frontal band, and sides of 
face black; wings blackish, with somewhat paler tips; tail- 
feathers, with external half of outer ones, black, central pair 
three-fourths black; ¢#voat and under parts white, shaded 
with very pale rufous ; bill, legs and feet, black ; irides brown. 
Peneth 575 inches; culmen. 0°62; wing 3°5 ; tail’ 2°5'; 
tarsus 0°9. 
Adult Female (Summer): Fore parts above, brownish- 
grey ; wings and cheeks brownish-black ; under parts, white, 
tinged with rufous on breast. 
Adult Male (Autumn): Browner above than in summer, 
and many of wing-feathers margined or tipped with rufous. 
Young in first plumage: Feathers on head, back, and 
breast have obscure pale centres, and dark terminal bands ; 
