TURDIDA—REDSTARTS. Ly 
Genus RUTICILLA. 
REDSTART. S/4 
Ruticilla phoenicurus (Zzzz.) 
Adult Male: Forehead white, with narrow black band 
immediately above the bill; crown, Jack, and scapulars gvey, 
tinged here and there with brown; rump, upper tail-coverts, 
and outer tail-feathers rufous, central rectrices brown, with 
rufous margins ; wing-quills brown, with narrow, pale margins ; 
sides of face, sides of neck and throat, black ; axzllaries chest- 
nut, rest of under-parts rufous, shading into white on vent ; 
bill black; legs and feet nearly black; irides dark brown. 
Length 5°5 inches; culmen 0°45; wing 3 to 3°25; tail 2°45 ; 
tarsus 0°09. 
Adult Female: Above, fore parts, brownish-grey, rump 
and tail-feathers dull orange red, except central pair, which 
are reddish-brown ; beneath greyish-white, tinged with rufous 
on throat and breast. 
Adult Male (Winter): Feathers above closely mar- 
gined with brown, almost obscuring the grey. 
Nestling: Feathers above dull ochre, edged with brown ; 
wings and tail like female, but somewhat duller; beneath 
sandy-buff, edged with brown; under tail-coverts tinged with 
red. 
Young Male in Autumn: Above similar to adult 
female, but beneath showing black bases to throat-feathers, 
- and rufous bases to those of chest and flanks. 
Distribution: Breeds in Central and Northern Europe, 
south of the Arctic Circle, migrating through Southern Europe 
to Northern Africa in autumn. 
Habitat: Rocky hillsides, among undergrowth, or cultivated 
country near woods, gardens or orchards. 
EHRENBERG’S REDSTART. 
Ruticilla mesoleuca (Zi/;.) 
Adult Male: <Adove darker grey than in R. phenicurus ; 
Cc 
