20 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
a 
Subfamily SVYLVIINA. 
Genus CYANECULA. 
WHITE-SPOTTED BLUETHROAT. 
Cyanecula wolfi C. LZ. Brehm. 
Adult Male (Summer): Above hair-brown witha greyish 
tinge; rump olive tinted; wing-quills with paler margins ; 
two central tail-feathers brown, the rest ferruginous, with 
the apical half brown; above the eye a light streak ; chin, 
throat and chest ultramarine with large central white spot ; 
below the blue a distinct black band, succeeded by a ferru- 
ginous one; abdomen whitish; bill black; legs and feet 
brown; irides dark brown. Length 5°5 inches; culmen 
0°35; wing 2°9; tail 2°2; tarsus.o'95. 
Adult Female (Summer): Upper parts as in male; 
under parts chiefly dull white, the throat bordered with black- 
ish-brown, and a broad band of the same across the chest, 
which in old birds is supplemented by markings of blue and 
chestnut. 
Adults (Winter): Assume grey margins to the throat- 
feathers which are cast again in spring. 
Young in first plumage: Have most of the feathers 
buffish, striped with black, the tail much as inthe adult. Young 
males, after first moult, resemble adult females. 
Distribution : Central and Southern Europe, migrating in 
winter to Palestine and Northern Africa. 
Habitat : Undergrowth in swampy localities. 
RED-SPOTTED OR ARCTIC BLUETHROAT. 
Cyanecula suecica (Lznzn.) 
Adult Male: Differs only from its southern ally by having 
a chestnut spot on the centre of the throat in place of the white 
one so conspicuous in C. wolf. 
Adult Female and Young: Indistinguishable from 
those of C. wolf. 
