22 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
Young in first plumag®@: Have pale centres to most 
of the feathers above, and dark margins to those of under parts. 
Birds of the year scarcely differ from adults. 
Distribution: Summer migrant, breeding in Central and 
Southern Europe ; winters in Africa. 
Habitat: Thickets and dense undergrowth. 
NORTHERN NIGHTINGALE. 
Daulias philomela (Lechst.) 
Adult: Less rufous in colour than D. “uscinia ; breast 
indistinctly spotted ; wings more pointed, with @ small bastard 
primary ; bill above brown, and beneath pale horn; legs, feet, 
and claws brown; irides brown. . Length about 7 inches ; 
culmen 0°5 ; wing 3°5; tail 2°8; tarsus 3°15. 
Young: Similar to the young of D. /uscinta. 
Distribution: Summer migrant from Central Africa to 
Eastern and North-eastern Europe, and Asia Minor, where it 
breeds. 
Habitat: Similar to that of D. /uscinia, but usually near to 
water. 
Genus SYLVIA. 
W HITETHROAT. VY 
Sylvia rufa (Bodd.) 
Adult Male: (Summer): Adove reddish-brown, darker 
on wings and tail, greyer on head ; wing-coverts and innermost 
secondaries broadly edged with pale chestnut ; outermost tail- 
feathers edged with white; beneath white, with a pink tinge 
on the breast; bill dark brown; /egs and feet pale brown ; 
irides hazel. Length 5°5 inches; culmen 0°35; wing 2°75; 
tail 2°5 ; tarsus 0°75. 
Adult Female (Summer): Duller; head browner, 
and lacking the rosy tinge on the breast. 
