TURDIDA‘\—WARBLERS. 23 
Adult Male (Winter): Above more rufous; edgings 
of quills broader and richer ; breast washed with pale buff. 
Young in first plumage: Above like adult male in 
winter, but darker, and the quills more broadly edged ; beneath 
washed with brown on breast and flanks; outer tail-feathers 
tinged with rufous ; irides yellowish-brown. 
Distribution : Summer visitant to, and breeding in most 
of Europe, wintering in Southern Africa. 
Habitat: Bushes and undergrowth generally. 
LESSER WHITETHROAT. 
Sylvia curruca (Zznz.) 
Adult Male (Summer): Adove pale slate-colour, suf- 
fused with brown, which becomes darker on the sides of the 
head ; quills brown, innermost secondaries with broad, lighter 
margins: outer webs of outermost rectrices white: breast and 
flanks very pale brown: rest of underparts white; bill nearly 
black above, lighter at base beneath; /Zegs, feet and claws 
bluish-grey ; irides hazel. Length 5 to 5°25 inches; culmen 
0°3; wing 2°6; tail 2°3 ; tarsus 0°8. 
Adult Female: Slightly smaller; head browner; sides 
of head pale ; beneath tinged with grey. 
Adult (Winter): Above ashy-brown, greyish on head 
and ear-coverts; beneath, showing rather more brown about 
the chest and flanks, 
Young in first plumage: Above brownish-grey, greyer 
on the head ; wings and tail greyish-brown, with lighter margins 
to feathers; beneath dull white, clearer on throat; flanks, 
breast, and under tail-coverts slightly washed with pale brown ; 
legs greyish-brown. 
Distribution: Breeds throughout most of Europe, 
wintering in Africa. 
Habitat: Groves, gardens, and shrubberies. 
SUB-ALPINE WARBLER. 
Sylvia subalpina Bonelli. 
Adult Male (Summer): Aédove ashy-grey ; wings and 
