36 A HANDBOOK.OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
domen; flanks washed with pale@#fown ; bill horn-colour, under 
mandible yellowish ; legs and feet pale horn-brown ; irides dark 
brown. | Length 5 inches; culmen o*5 3 zing 275°; tail. 27155 
tarsus 0°8. 
Adult (Summer and Winter): Similar, but feathers 
become paler by abrasion. 
Young: Closely resemble adults. 
Distribution : Frequents South-eastern Europe in summer, 
wintering in Northern Africa. 
Habitat: Olive-groves and gardens. 
WESTERN OLIVACEOUS WARBLER. 
Hypolais opaca (Licht). 
Adult (Summer): Similar to % pallida, but longer, with 
first primary usually rather longer and a broader bill. Length 
5°25 inches ;. culmen 0°6; under-mandible, at base 0°3 ; wing 
2°8 ; tail 2°55 ; tarsus o'9. 
Adult (Winter): Becomes greyer by abrasion of the 
feathers. 
Distribution: Breeds in Spain and winters in North- 
western Africa. Has been known to occur also in South 
France. 
Habitat: Wooded plains, gardens, &c. 
BOOTED WARBLER, 
Hypolais caligata (Zzché). 
Adult (Summer): Above warm pale rufescent-brown ; 
second primary intermediate in length between sixth and seventh ; 
superciliary streak pale yellowish; rump lighter than back ; 
wings and tail dark brown with pale margins ; beneath white, 
washed on flanks and sides of body with buff; chin and throat 
white ; bill horn-brown, paler below ; legs and feet dull brown ; 
irides brown. Length 4°75 inches ; culmen 0°45 ; wing 2°45; 
tail 2; tarsus 0°85. 
Young after first moult: Resembles adult, but general 
