TURDIDAIA—WARBLERS. 37 
colour above more rufous; margins to wing-feathers broader ; 
beneath with a rufous tinge, except on throat and chin; first 
primary somewhat longer than in adults. 
Distribution: Breeds in the extreme east of Russia, and 
ranges through Turkestan and Northern India. 
Habitat: Low bushes, &c., often at considerable elevation. 
Genus AEDON. 
EUY,rTOUsS ‘W-A'R BL EK, 
Aedon galactodes (Zemm). 
Adult: Adove chestnut, brighter on rump and tail-feathers, 
the latter (except central ones) with dark brown patch towards 
end of each feather, the tip white, outer feathers whitest ; 
superciliary stripe whitish; wings brown, broadly edged with 
pale rufous ; beneath buffish-white ; bill and legs pale brown, 
the former lighter at base beneath ; irides dark brown. Length 
6°75 inches ; culmen 0°6 ; wimg 3-5 ; tail 3; tarsus I'r. 
Young: Similar, but quills and wing-coverts margined 
broadly with pale fulvous. 
Distribution: Breeds in South-western Europe, wintering 
in Africa. 
Habitat: Among gardens, hedges, mimosa-groves, or reeds. 
Gee Y-BACKED WARBLE #. 
Aedon familiaris (J/énétr). 
Adult: Similar to A. galactodes, but greyer above: rump 
and upper tail-coverts rufous ; quills margined with dull whitish- 
buff; central tail-feathers dark brown almost to base; outer 
tail-feathers showing less white ; under-parts pale greyish-white ; 
bill brown above, horn-colour beneath. Length 6°5 to 6°75 
inches ; culmen 0°6 ; wing 3°5 ; tail 2°7 ; tarsus 0°95. 
Distribution: Breeds in South-eastern Europe, ranging 
eastwards through Asia Minor and Persia to Rajpootana. 
Habitat: Vineyards, olive groves, &c. 
