TURDIDA—THRUSHES. 3 
brown ; sides of body and axiflaries deep orange-rufous ; bill 
- blackish, yellow at base beneath; legs and feet dull brown; 
irides brown. Length 8 inches; culmen 0°6; wing 4°7; 
tarsus I°I5. 
Nestling: Very similar to adult, but streaked on the 
back with yellowish-white ; upper wing-coverts slightly suffused 
with rufous. 
Distribution: Winter visitant to Southern and Western 
Europe, breeding in Arctic regions of Europe and Asia. 
Habitat: Cultivated regions, woods, commons, &c. 
FIELDFARE. 
Turdus pilaris Zinn. 
Adult (Summer): Head, neck, and rump grey, clearer 
on latter; centres of crown feathers blackish ; centre of back, 
scapulars and wing-coverts chestnut ; wings and tail blackish- 
brown, the feathers of the former having narrow pale margins ; 
tail-feathers much darker than wings; superciliary stripe 
whitish ; beneath, white below chest, blotched in centres of 
flank-feathers with rich, dark brown; entire chin, throat and 
chest golden-buff, spotted thickly, especially on sides of throat, 
with deep brown; axillaries white; bill yellowish at base. 
tipped with black; legs and feet blackish-brown ; irides dark 
brown. Length 10°25 inches; culmen 07; wing 5°8; tarsus 
Hi: 
Adult (Winter): Dark centres of feathers on crown and 
forehead obscured by pale margins ; spots also on under surface 
less conspicuous than in spring or summer from same cause ; 
bill browner. 
Nestling: Crown brown; eye-stripe buff; centre of back 
and scapulars streaked sparsely with buff; underparts, much as 
in adult ; but the spots are rounder below the chest, on which 
they mingle into a kind of band. 
Young fully grown: Head greyish, washed with olive- 
brown, marked with black on forehead only; back and rump 
much duller than in adults; on the former (and on some of 
wing-coverts) are narrow median lines of buff; rump tinged 
strongly with buff; eye-stripe and cheeks buff; beneath, rich 
ochre, shading into white on abdomen, and spotted with black, 
except on centre of throat and abdomen. 
B 2 
