46 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
legs, feet and claws brown ggrides hazel. Length 5°5 inches ; 
culmen S'A swims 2°73 tall 273 Gtarsus o775, 
Young: Brow ner and more spotted than adults ; no slate- 
grey on head or throat. 
Distribution: Resident over most of Europe, occurring 
in Scandinavia as far north as the forest regions continue. 
Found throughout the British Isles, excepting in some of the 
Hebrides and in Shetland. 
Habitat: Gardens, hedge-rows, plantations, &c. 
Family CINCLIDA. 
Genus CINCLUS. 
DIPPER OR WATER OUSEL. Vv 
Cinclus aquaticus Zechst. 
Adult: Adove blackish-brown, shading into umber-brown on 
neck and head; back, wings and rump marked with greyish; a 
narrow ring round eyes white; chin, ¢ivoat and breast white ; 
rest of under parts chestnut, shading into black at vent and into 
greyish on flanks; bill black; legs, feet and irides brown. 
Length 6°5 to 7 iches; culmen. 0°65; wing 3°5 to 3°75, al) 
23; Larsusitt.. 
Young: Paler and greyer on the back than adults; under 
parts creamy-white, excepting flanks and region of the vent 
which are slaty-brown ; feathers of breast and abdomen here 
and there tipped or margined with brown. 
Distribution: Inhabits Great Britain and many of a 
mountain regions of Central Europe. 
Habitat : Rocky, mountain streams. 
Note.—In Scandinavia, Northern Germany and Northern Russia a race 
occurs with an almost uniformly black abdomen (C. melanogaster of 
many authors), whilst in the Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, &c., a form 
with a paler back and more white on the under parts than typical CG 
aguaticus is found. This latter has received the name of C. albicollis. 
In other respects all three forms are precisely alike and their young 
indistinguishable, 
