52 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
secondaries tipped with white ; chin and throat bluish-black ; 
breast dull lemon-yellow, with@#mesial dark stripe ; bill dusky ; 
legs and feet dark grey ; irides dark brown. Length 4°5 inches ; 
culmen 0°26 ; wing 2°5 ; tail 2*1; tarsus 0°65. 
Adult in Winter: Similar but the throat-feathers edged 
with white. 
Young in first plumage: Crown and collar very dull 
brownish and not conspicuous ; back dull greenish; under parts, 
including throat, dirty yellow. 
Distribution : Common resident in Central and Southern. 
Europe, including Great Britain. 
Habitat: Woods, gardens and hedgerows. 
AZURE TIT. 
Parus cyanus Fal/. 
Adult: Head chiefly white ; line through eye to back of 
head and neck band deep blue; back bluish-grey ; zwzngs dlue, 
crossed by band of white; secondaries broadly tipped with 
white ; tail-feathers blue, outer ones broadly tipped and mar- 
gined with white ; beneath white with a mesial stripe of bluish- 
black ; bill blackish ; legs and feet lead colour ; irides dark 
brown. Length 5°3 inches ; culmen 0°35; wing 2°7; tail 2°7 ; 
tarsus 0°65. 
Young: Have no blue on back of neck; crown and eye- 
stripe dark grey; white parts tinged with yellow; blue on 
wings and tail not so deep as in adults. 
Distribution: Resident in Northern Russia and Siberia, 
straying occasionally into Germany. 
Habitat: Willow swamps, tamarisk jungles, &c. 
CRESTED. TiT-> 
Parus cristatus Zzzn. 
Adult: Head black, each feather tipped with sreyish-white > 
those towards back of head much elongated, forming a conspicu- 
ous crest; sides of head and neck greyish-white, latter crossed 
by two bands of black, a narrow line of same colour traversing 
