MOTACILLIDA—WAGTAILS. 59 
grey, more or less tinged with olive, shading into white on 
abdomen ; wings and tail much as in adults, but duller. 
Distribution: A summer visitant to Northern Europe, 
commonly nesting, except in the British Isles, where it is 
scarce. Resident in some parts of Southern Europe. Winters 
also in North Africa. 
Habitat: The vicinity of water, or moist meadows. 
PIED WAGTAIL. V 
Motacilla lugubris 7Zémm. 
Adult Male (Summer): Head and throat as in W/7. alba - 
back black: wings black, with white external margins ; inner- 
most secondaries bordered broadly with white; tail-feathers 
black, except outermost ones, which are white on outer webs ; 
breast and abdomen white, flanked with dark grey; bill, legs 
and feet black ; irides dark brown. Length 7°5 inches ; culmen 
0°45 ; wing 3°6; tail 3°75 ; tarsus 0°85. 
Adult Female (Summer): Back feathers mixed with 
grey ones, and slightly smaller. 
Adult (Winter): Crown, nape and broad band on chest 
black ; cheeks washed with sulphur-yellow ; back leaden-grey, 
centres of feathers usually showing blackish ; upper tail-coverts 
black ; lower breast and abdomen as in summer, but grey on 
flanks paler. 
Young in first plumage: Back dirty grey ; throat and 
chest marked with black ; whole of light parts more or less 
tinged with buff. 
Distribution: Common and resident in Great Britain. In 
Western Europe elsewhere a summer visitant, wintering in 
Western part of North Africa. 
Habitat : Similar to that of preceding species. 
YELLOW-HEADED WAGTAIL. 
Motacilla citreola FPa//. 
Adult Male (Summer): ead and neck bright yel/ow, 
collar black ; dack grey ; wings dusky, some of quills and coverts 
