60 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
broadly margined with white externally ; tail black, outermost 
feathers chiefly white; bene yellow like head and neck, 
flanked with slaty ; bill, legs and feet blackish ; irides brown. 
Length 6'5 inches ; culmen 0'5 ; wing 3°4; tail 3°25 ; tarsus 0°95. 
Adult Female (Summer): Head and neck greyish ; 
back brownish-grey ; wings duller ; sides of face marked with 
dark grey ; sides of neck marked with black ; superciliary stripe 
yellow ; under parts as in male. 
Adult Male (Winter): Forehead yellow; superciliary 
stripe broad ; abdomen pale yellow, otherwise as in female, but 
back somewhat darker. 
Young in first plumage: Back feathers with dark 
centres; a band of black on chest; breast washed with 
yellowish-buff. 
Young in Autumn: Above dull greyish, washed with 
yellowish-brown ; superciliary stripe yellowish-white ; broad 
mark on sides of head greyish ; beneath whitish, tinged with 
pale yellow ; chest marked with greyish-brown. 
Distribution: Summer visitant to Eastern and South- 
eastern Russia. Winters in Northern India, where it is not 
uncommon. Found as far east as China. 
Habitat: In grassy swamps, willow thickets, &c. 
GREY WAGTAIL. vA 
Motacilla melanope Pall. 
Adult Male (Summer): <Aéove grey, shading into 
greenish-yellow on rump; superciliary stripe white ; wings and 
central tail-feathers dark brown ; long secondaries conspicuously 
bordered with whitish; outer tail-feathers white; chin and 
throat black, rest of under parts bright yellow, brightest on under 
tatl-coverts ; bill, legs and feet brown; irides dark brown. 
Length 7°75 to 8 inches; culmen 0°5; wing 3:2; tail 4; 
tarsus 0°8. 
Adult Female: Similar to male, but much paler throughout. 
Adult (Winter): Breast and superciliary stripe pale 
whitish-yellow ; chin and throat whitish ; abdomen only tinged 
with yellow. 
Young: Similar to adults in winter but greener above ; 
