64 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
Adult (Winter): Strongly tinged with olivaceous above 
and washed with yellowish-b eneath. 
Young: Like adults in winter dress. 
Distribution: Resident and breeding throughout most of 
Europe, those inhabiting the extreme north migrating south in 
autumn. 
Habitat: Fields, commons, high moors, among stones in 
streams, &c. 
Note—A Pipit inhabiting the Canary Isles has received the name of 
A, bertheloti, and is distinguished from typical A. pratensis by being 
greyer above, with an unspotted rump and with a shorter wing. 
RED-THROATED PIPIT. x 
Anthus cervinus (fal). 
Adult Male (Summer): Feathers above olive-brown 
boldly marked with dark brown, wings and tail dark brown, 
margined with paler brown, outermost rectrices chiefly white ; 
throat, round the eye, sides of neck and chest /erruginous ; 
abdomen buff; chest and flanks sparsely striped with dark 
brown; bill brown, yellowish at base beneath ; legs and feet 
paler brown ; irides brown. Length 6 to 6°25 inches ; culmen 
0°45; wing 3°4; tail 2°6; tarsus o°8. 
Adult Female (Summer): Greyer above than male; 
ferruginous tint not extending below the throat. 
Adult (Winter) : With difficulty distinguished from J. pra- 
tensis ; the wing however is longer, the mantle feathers tipped 
with white, and in some rare instances the throat is tinged with 
red ; general tint greyish-brown. 
Young: Almost exactly similar to young of A. praten- 
sis, but are somewhat more buff throughout; lower back 
feathers rather greyer; a rufescent tinge round the eye soon 
attained. 
Distribution: Summer visitant to arctic Europe and Asia. 
A straggler only to Great Britain and has not been recorded 
from Iceland or the Faroes. Winters in North-eastern Africa 
and South of Asia. 
Habitat: Long grass in boggy regions. 
