MOTACILLIDA:—PIPITS. 65 
PETCHORA PIPIT. 
Anthus gustavi Sw. 
Adult: Above glossy yellowish-brown, paler on head and 
nape, boldly marked especially on interscapular feathers with 
dark brown ; elongated secondaries, wing-coverts and some of 
back feathers conspicuously margined with buffish-white ; 
Lill stronger than in either A. pratensts or A. trivials ; length of 
hind claw intermediate between the two. Length 6 inches; 
culmen 0°45 ; wing 3°15; tail 2°15 ; tarsus 0°85. 
Distribution: A summer visitant to North-eastern 
Europe. 
Habitat: Marshy ground covered with scrub. 
TAWNY PIPIT. x 
Anthus campestris (Zznz). 
Adult Male: Feathers of «pper parts greyish-brown, with 
darker centres, and edged with sancy-brown ; wings and central 
tail-feathers dark brown, edged with sandy -brown; deneath 
buff (or brownish buft), shading to whitish on abdomen ; chest 
indistinctly spotted ; bill above dark brown, paler beneath ; legs 
and feet pale brown ; irides dark brown. Length 6°5 to 6°75 
inches; culmen 0°6 ; wing 3.75 to 3.9 ; tail 3°2 ; tarsus 0.95. 
“From the autumn moult to the early part of the following 
spring the tints are much more tawny, and in young birds are 
very pronounced on the margins of the wing and tail-feathers, 
while the brown markings of the upper parts and of the breast 
are much more intense ” (Saunders). 
Distribution: Breeds in Central and Southern Europe, 
wintering in Africa and India. Scarce visitor to Great 
Britain. 
Habitat : Open sandy plains. 
WATER PIPIT. 
Anthus spipoletta (Zznz). 
Adult Male (Summer): Feathers above olive-brown 
F 
