LANIIDA—SHRIKES. 69 
not black, and beneath dull greyish, vermiculated both above 
and below ; wing spots only imperfectly developed. 
Distribution : Summer visitant to Northern and Central 
Europe, wintering in Southern Europe. 
Habitat: Woods, commons or moory places where single 
trees are scattered about. 
Note.—The typical Z. excubitor interbreeds in Scandinavia with a form 
having only one white wing-spot, known as Z. major, while in 
Southern Russia it interbreeds with a very white-winged eastern form 
known as Z. /eucopterus, thereby producing LZ. homeyeri, which in gen- 
eral appearance is intermediate between the two and has a somewhat 
more hooked bill. It is probable that Z mayor occurs in Great Britain 
during migration almost as frequently as the typical Z. excudztor. 
SOUTHERN GREY SHRIKE. 
Lanius meridionalis Zemm. 
Adult: Superciliary streak reaching to base of bill, narrow, 
white ; crown, back and rump leaden-grey ; scapulars distinctly 
white ; lores, cheeks and ear-coverts black ; wings dark brown, 
innermost secondaries and tail black, wings showing one white 
spot when closed, and secondaries tipped with white; outer 
tail-feathers showing more and more white, until the outermost 
is black only at base ; beneath whitish, sides of body washed 
with cinereous-brown ; throat and éveast tinged with pink ; bill 
and feet black ; irides dark brown. Length 9 to 9°5 inches ; 
culmen 0°65 ; wing 4 to 4°2; tail 4°5 ; tarsus 1°15. 
Young: Much paler above. The leaden-grey of adults 
only appears on the head ; scapulars not so pure white ; pink 
on breast not nearly so noticeable. 
Distribution: Resident and breeding in Spain, Portugal 
and in South-eastern France, of casual occurrence in Italy, 
Sicily, &c. 
Habitat : Regions covered by dense undergrowth. 
LESSER GREY SHRIKE. ~ 
Lanius minor Gwme/. 
Adult Male: Fore part of head and a patch on either side 
