LANIIDA—SHRIKES. 71 
back; no stripe above the eye ; chest and flanks heavily mot- 
tled with brown. 
Young after first moult: Similar to adult female but 
paler ; head closely marked with dark brown, and much paler 
than the back, the feathers of which have pale tips and brown 
subterminal bars ; secondaries broadly edged with buff; outer 
tail feathers only ‘margined and tipped with whitish ; beneath 
much as in adult female. 
Distribution: A summer visitant to Central and Southern 
Europe, Persia, and Turkestan, wintering in Africa. Breeds 
commonly in England, though is rare in the northern coun- 
ties. Scarce in the Iberian peninsula. Eastwards it some-| 
times occurs as far as Northern India. 
Habitat: Thick hedges and fields near woods. 
WOODCHAT SHRIKE. 
Lanius pomeranus Sarr. 
Adult Male: Forehead, sides of head, and centre of back 
black ; a small patch or streak above the nostril white ; crow 
and nape chestnut ; scapulars and rump white ; wings black- 
ish, some feathers tipped with white ; bases of primaries white ; 
tail black ; outermost rectrices chiefly white ; beneath white ; 
bill, legs and feet black; irides hazel-brown. Length usually 
6°5 to 7 inches; culmen 0’5; wing 3°38 to 4; tail 3°2 ; tarsus 
10°85. 
Adult Female: Similar but duller ; black feathers above 
mixed with brown; wing-coverts margined with red; flanks 
washed with reddish ; rest of under parts not pure white. 
Young: Reddish-brown above, transversely barred with 
brown and whitish ; wings and tail dark brown, the former 
broadly margined with rufous or rufescent-buff ; beneath dull 
white crossed by greyish-brown bars on chest and flanks. 
Distribution: A summer visitant to Central and Southern 
Europe, more abundant inthe latter. Breeds as far east as 
Persia, and as far north as the shores of the Baltic. Of casual 
occurrence in Great Britain. Winters in Southern Africa. 
Habitat: Similar to that of Z. collurio. 
