So A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
the exception of the back, which is reddish-brown only tinged 
with yellow and streaked with g@isky. 
Young in first plumage: Above buffish-brown, streaked 
with darker brown; rump buff; wings margined and barred 
with buff; beneath buffish-white and indistinctly streaked. 
Distribution: Resident in the mountain districts of 
Southern-central and Southern Europe, except in the extreme 
eastern portions. 
Habitat: Fir woods and isolated trees on mountain sides. 
Genus SERINUS. 
SERIN FINCH. 
Serinus hortulanus och. 
Adult Male (Summer) : Forehead and cheeks yellow, \atter 
tinged with green; crown and back olive-green, conspicuously 
streaked with dark brown; wings and tail dusky, with pale 
yellowish margins ; vump and under parts clear yellow, shading 
into white towards vent; flaxks streaked with dark brown ; 
bill brownish, paler beneath ; legs and feet brown ; irides dark 
brown. Length 4'5 inches; culmen 0°3 ; wing 2°75 ; tail 1°75 ; 
tarsus 0°5. 
Adult Female: Duller, yellow on forehead absent ; breast 
dull white, streaked throughout with brown. 
Adult (Winter): The yellow above and beneath some- 
what obscured by pale margins to the feathers ; wings margined 
with buffish. 
Young in first plumage: Resemble the female, but 
show no trace of yellow. 
Distribution: Resident in most parts of Central and 
Southern Europe: common in Asia Minor; found also in 
Palestine. 
Habitat: Vineyards, gardens, and cultivated regions near 
dwellings. 
RED-FRONTED FINCH. 
Serinus pusillus (Fa//.) 
Adult Male: Frontal region and rump orange-red, rest of 
