FRINGILLIDA‘W—FINCHES. 81 
head and ¢hroat black; nape washed with brown; back, 
scapulars and upper tail-coverts black, with broad yellowish 
margins ; primaries dusky, margined with yellow and secondaries 
with white ; lesser wing-coverts tipped with orange ; tail-feathers 
dusky margined with yellow on outer, and with white on two 
central rectrices; breast deep yellow marked with black, be- 
coming paler yellow below and almost white at vent; flanks 
streaked with black; bill, legs and feet black ; irides dark 
brown. Length 4:5 inches; culmen 0°3; wing 2°8; tail 2°1 ; 
tarsus 0°85. 
Adult Female: Shows less red on forehead, and is 
generally duller ; otherwise similar. 
Young: Head brown, with darker central streaks, with a 
tinge of orange in front ; throat feathers margined with yellowish. 
Distribution: Resident in the extreme south-east of 
Europe, and eastward occurs in Persia and ‘Turkestan. 
Habitat : Wooded mountain sides at considerable elevation. 
Genus LIGURINUS. 
GREENFINCH. ue 
Ligurinus chloris (Zzzz.) 
Adult Male (Summer): Forehead and rump greenish- 
yellow ; sides of head and ear-coverts dull grey ; lores blackish ; 
crown, neck and back olive-green, with obscure greyish margins 
to the feathers; wings dark brown, tipped with dull grey, 
primaries edged with yellow at their bases; tail dark brown, 
central feathers edged with grey, the vest having their bases 
entirely yellow; beneath greenish-yellow on throat shading 
into clear yellow on abdomen ; chest and sides of neck edged 
with grey ; flanks grey ; bill pale flesh-colour, darker at tip; 
legs and feet pale brown; irides hazel. Length 5°5 inches ; 
culmen 0°5 ; wing 34 to 3°5 ; tail 2°3 ; tarsus 0°65. 
Adult Female: Above brown ; rump green; wings as in 
male, but not so brightly coloured ; beneath greyish-brown, 
shading into dirty white at the vent; abdomen tinged with 
yellow. 
Young in first plumage: Nearly resembles the adult. 
female. 
G 
