CH 
iS) 
A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
Young Male (Autumn): Greener than female, but 
considerably duller than adultggnale ; yellow on primaries not 
extending so far. 
Distribution: Resident throughout most of the Western 
Palearctic Region, except in the extreme north, ranging east- 
ward to Northern Persia. Winter visitant to Northern Africa 
and Palestine. 
Habitat: Gardens and cultivated regions generally. 
Genus COCCOTHRAUSTES. 
HAWFINCH. we 
Coccothraustes vulgaris Pad/. 
Adult Male (Summer): Forehead yellowish ; crown and 
rump chestnut ; neck above and at sides ashy-grey ; back dark, 
chestnut-brown; wings black glossed with purple ; primaries 
having a blotch of white on inner margins, zznermost primaries 
enlarged and hooked at tips, glossed with purple ; wing-coverts 
chiefly white ; tail-feathers blackish, terminal part of inner webs 
white ; narrow ring round base of bill, and chin black ; rest of 
under parts greyish-brown ; bill leaden-blue, legs and feet very 
pale brown; irides greyish-white. Length about 7 inches ; 
culmen 0°7 ; wing 3°8; tail 2°25 ; tarsus 0°38. 
Adult Female (Summer): Similar, but duller through- 
out, and showing less black upon the throat. 
Adult (Winter) : Above dull olive-brown, collar brownish- 
grey; black on throat not pure; secondaries and most of 
primaries externaliy edged with grey ; beneath brown, shading 
to grey on centre of abdomen; bill pale brown or brownish- 
flesh-colour. 
Male in first plumage: Back shaded yellowish-brown, 
head yellower or greener, and rump much paler; wings very 
similar to adult, but coverts not pure white; chin and throat 
whitish, shading into pale buff on rest of under parts ; breast 
and sides of body barred with brown, darker on latter ; bill 
pale flesh-colour. 
Female in first plumage: Similar, but has some of 
secondaries edged with grey, and is generally duller in colour. 
Distribution: ‘Occurs, with more or less frequency, 
throughout the Palearctic Region, except in some of the more 
northern parts.” 
