FRINGILLIDA—SPARROWS. 83 
Habitat: Deciduous woods, orchards, and cultivated 
country. 
Genus PASSER. 
HOUSE SPARROW. va 
Passer domesticus (Lznz.) 
Adult Male: Crowz and rump ashy-grey, former bordered 
with chestnut ; back dark brown, the feathers having reddish- 
brown margins ; wings and tail dark brown, with paler margins ; 
lesser wing-coverts tipped with white; lores black; cheeks 
greyish ; centre of throat ana chest black; rest of under parts 
greyish-white ; bill black, legs and feet brown; irides dark 
brown. Length 6 inches; culmen 0°45; wing 3; tail 274; 
tarsus 0.65. 
Adult Female: Above dull brown, streaked on the back 
with darker brown; lesser wing-coverts tipped with buffish ; 
superciliary stripe more distinct than in male; under parts 
dirty brown, paler on centre of abdomen. 
Young in first plumage: Similar to adult female, but 
paler. 
Distribution : Common resident throughout the Palearctic 
Region. 
Habitat : Cultivated regions near human habitations. 
Note.—In some male birds the throat is washed with deep chocolate. 
ITALIAN SPARROW. 
Passer italiz (Viedd/.) 
Adult Male (Summer): Cvowz and nape rich chestnut ; 
superciliary stripe white and distinct; cheeks pure white, not 
greyish, otherwise similar to P. domesticus in summer. Length 
5'5 to 6 inches; culmen 0°45 ; wing 3; tail 2°25 ; tarsus 0°7. 
Adult Female: Similar to female of P. domesticus. 
Young in first plumage: Resemble the female. 
G2 
