84 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
Distribution : Inhabits Italy and Corsica, and has been 
observed as far north as the Brggner Pass. 
Habitat: Similar to that of 7. domesticus. 
SPANISH SPARROW. 
Passer hispaniolensis Zemm. 
Adult Male (Summer): Very similar to P. t¢a@@, but 
larger, the back much darker and marked with white; the 
black on the chest extending to the sides of the chest, and flanks 
boldly marked with black. Length 6 to 6°25 inches ; culmen 0'5 ; 
wing 3°1; tail 2°25 ; tarsus 0°75. 
Adult Female: Indistinguishable from female of P. do- 
mesticus except by its somewhat larger size. 
Distribution: Resident in Southern Europe. Found also 
in Northern Africa and eastward into Northern India. 
Habitat: Similar to that of P. domesticus. 
TREE SPARROW. So 
Passer montanus (Zzwz.) 
Adult Male (Summer) : Crown and nape dull chocolate, 
rest of upper parts similar to P. domesticus, but paler in ground- 
colour and less striped ; zzzgs crossed by two white bars; sides 
of head white with a patch of black below the ears ; chin and 
centre of throat black; rest of under parts greyish, except 
centre of abdomen, which is white; bill black; legs and feet 
light brown ; irides brown. Length about 5 inches ; culmen 0°35 ; 
wing 2°75; tarsus 0°65. 
Adult Female: Similar, but black on chin not so extended, 
and less pure. 
Young in first plumage: Similar, but chin and cheek 
spots are brown. 
Distribution : Occurs throughout most of the Palearctic 
Region, and in the Indian Region as far south as Java. Has 
not been recorded from Portugal. 
Habitat: Similar to that of P. domesticus ; nests in holes 
in trees, &c. 
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