FRINGILLIDA—REDPOLLS. 87 
BRAMBLING. v 
Fringilla montifringilla Zen. 
Adult Male (Summer): /ead, neck, and back glossy 
black ; ramp white, with a few black feathers showing ; wings 
black, with narrow whitish margins and crossed by a whitish 
bar ; inner primaries white at base externally ; median coverts 
white ; Zeast coverts orange-buff; scapulars buff; rectrices black, 
the outermost partially white ; chin and throat buff (occasionally 
black) rest of under parts buff with a reddish tinge, shading 
into whitish on abdomen and under tail-coverts ; flanks spotted 
with black; bill black; legs, feet and irides dark brown. 
Length 5°5 to 6 inches ; culmen 0°45 ; wing 6'to.s 75s fallen 
tarsus 0°7. 
Adult Female (Summer): Very similar to male in 
winter, but the black parts are browner and the general 
coloration is duller, with less white showing upon wings. 
Adult Male (Winter): Black feathers of upper parts 
partially obscured by brown margins ; bill yellow, tipped with 
horn-colour ; innermost secondaries broadly margined with 
orange-buff, and greater coverts broadly tipped with the same. 
Young in first plumage: Resemble the adult female. 
Distribution : Found throughout most of the Palearctic 
Region, breeding in the far north. 
Habitat : Birch forests in summer, cultivated districts and 
commons in winter. 
Genus LINOTA. 
MEAL.Y..REDP.OLL. 
Linota linaria (Z7v7). 
Adult Male (Summer): Cvowz glossy red; nape, back, 
and scapulars dark brown, margined in some places with 
whitish ; 7 much whiter, washed with pink and streaked 
with brown ; quills dusky, innermost secondaries, greater and 
middle wing-coverts tipped with whitish ; tail-feathers dusky, 
narrowly margined with whitish ; c/z7 black, breast rosy-pink, 
streaked with black and white; rest of under parts whitish, 
