90 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
TWITE. 
a 
Linota flavirostris (Z7vw). 
Adult Male (Summer): Upper parts dark brown, marked 
with tawny-brown ; rump rose-coloured; quills dusky, some 
primaries with narrow, white margins, secondaries margined 
with tawny ; rectrices dusky, outer ones margined with white ; 
chin and ¢hroat tawny-buff unspotted ; abdomen white ; sides 
of head and body marked with brown ; 0277 yellowish, darker 
at tip ; legs and feet dark brown; irides brown. Length 5°5 
inches ; culmen 0°23 ; wing 3; tail 2°4; tarsus 0°65. 
Adult Female (Summer): Similar but showing more of 
the tawny margins to the upper feathers, especially on the 
head; no red on rump; under parts tinged throughout with 
buff. 
Adult (Winter): Very like the summer dress, but slightly 
more mottled above; throat and breast rich tawny-brown ; 
streaked only on sides of neck and breast; rump of male 
slightly rosy. 
Immature birds: Resemble adults, but show less white 
on margins of primaries ; legs and feet paler. 
Distribution: Breeds regularly in Scotland, Ireland and 
the North of England, also in Norway. Occurs in most other 
parts of Europe chiefly on migration. 
Habitat: Moors, bushy hill-sides, &c. 
Subfamily LOXIINA. 
Genus CARPODACUS. 
SCARLET GROSBEAK. 
Carpodacus erythrinus (Pai). 
Adult Male: Crowz, rump, chin, throat and breast crimson- 
vose, darkest on crown ; lores and ear-coverts reddish-brown ; 
back brown, tinged with rose ; wings and tail with pale brown 
