FRINGILLIDAA—BUNTINGS. 95 
Sub-Family EMBERIZINAZE. 
Genus EMBERIZA. 
BLACK-HEADED BUNTING. 
Emberiza melanocephala Scof. 
Adult Male (Summer): Cvown and cheeks Olack; 
upper parts generally chestnut, tinged, especially on rump, 
with orange ; wings and tail brown; primaries margined with 
whitish ; greater wing-coverts margined with white; rectrices 
with pale brown margins; sides of neck and under paris rich 
yellow, washed with chestnut on sides of body ; bill dark grey ; 
legs flesh-colour ; irides dark brown. Lezgth 68 tnches ; culmen 
Ga wine 3°75; tail 3-15 ; tarsus o°8. 
Adult Female (Summer): Above brown, streaked with 
darker brown ; crown and rump washed with yellowish ; wings 
brown, broadly edged with whitish ; rectrices ashy-brown with 
greenish tinge at base and pale edged ; sides of face pale brown ; 
lores and chin whitish; beneath yellow, with ash-coloured 
flanks; under wing-coverts yellowish-white ; length of.wing 
3°5 inches. 
Adult Male (Winter): Above dull brown, washed with 
yellowish on rump, and showing black shaft lines on crown; 
sides of head blackish; beneath yellow, obscured on breast 
by ashy margins ; bill dark brown, paler and yellower be- 
neath. 
Young in first plumage: Above pale yellowish-brown, 
yellower on rump, many of back and crown feathers having 
darker shaft-lines; wings margined with very pale buff, 
coverts and innermost secondaries very broadly so; throat 
greyish-white ; chest buff, washed with brown; breast and 
abdomen feathers yellowish, with white edges; under tail- 
coverts yellow. 
Distribution : Abundant in South-eastern Europe during 
the summer ; found occasionally also in countries further west. 
Winters in India. 
Habitat: Wooded plains, gardens or orchards. 
