FRINGILLIDA:—BUNTINGS. IOI 
Adult Male (Winter): Much duller than in summer, 
showing no rufous on wings ; white on crown much obscured 
by brown ; rump, upper tail-coverts and throat feathers with 
whitish margins ; breast white, broadly marked with brown. 
Young in first plumage: Much resembles adult female, 
but is entirely brown above, somewhat paler on crown and 
washed with rufous on rump and upper tail-coverts; sides 
of throat speckled with blackish ; throat and chest buffish, the 
latter marked with dark brown. 
Distribution : Summer visitant to Asiatic Russia, winter- 
ing in Southern Asia ; casual winter visitant to Eastern Europe. 
Habitat: Wooded localities (evergreen or deciduous). 
YELLOW-BREASTED BUNTING. 
Emberiza aureola Fall. 
Adult Male: Prevailing colour above deep chestnut ; fore- 
head, chin, and sides of head black; wings brown, with 
fulvous margins ; medéan coverts white ; tail brown, margined 
with fulvous, except two outermost feathers, which are chiefly 
white ; deneath bright yellow with dark chestnut band across 
chest ; flanks striped with dusky ; under wing-coverts chiefly 
white; bill brown above, paler beneath ; legs brownish flesh- 
colour ; irides brown. Length 5°5 inches; culmen 0°35; wing 
23 tall 24s tarsus 0°78. 
Adult Female: Above greyish-brown, on nape and rump 
washed with rufous, with dark shaft stripes to feathers of fore- 
parts; hind neck and centre of crown less spotted ; sides of 
crown, ear-coverts dusky brown ; lores and superciliary stripe 
yellowish-white ; greater and median wing-coverts dark brown, 
with fulvous borders, tipped with white ; entire under parts 
pale yellow, tinged with ochre on upper breast ; flanks marked, 
as in male. 
Adult (Winter): Much duller, on account of the pale 
fulvous margins which the feathers assume. Chest band of 
male bird barely distinguishable. 
Immature Male: Paler than adult; back pale brown 
washed on crown and rump with chestnut and boldly striped 
with dark brown ; wing-bars indistinct; pectoral band in- 
dicated by a few dull brown marks. 
