ALAUDID—LARKS. 107 
Section OSCINES SCUTELLIPLANTARES. 
Family ALAUDIDA. 
Genus ALAUDA. 
a GOO ee OR 
Alauda arvensis Zinn. 
Adult (Summer): User parts generally brown, feathers 
marked with darker brown and with pale margins or tips, 
shaded here and there with rufous; superciliary stripe yellow- 
ish ; ear-coverts reddish-brown streaked with dark brown; 
wing quills dusky-brown, edged with rust colour ; coverts and 
innermost secondaries with light broadish borders tinged with 
rufous ; central rectrices dark brown bordered with lighter 
brown, outermost rectrices chiefly white, next pair with most 
of outer web white; Jdeneath yellowish-white, washed with 
brown; throat, sides of neck and chest spotted with dark 
brown ,; flanks tinged with rufous and with dark brown; bill 
brown above, flesh-coloured beneath with a yellowish base ; 
legs and feet yellowish-brown ; irides dark brown. Length 7 
inches ; culmen 0°45 ; wing 4°25; tail 3; tarsus o'9 ; And toe 
with claw o-5. 
Adult (Winter): Many of feathers above bordered with 
sandy-grey ; lower parts paler and more buff on throat and 
breast. 
Young in first plumage: Above spotted with dark brown 
and buff, several of the feathers tipped with white; wing and 
tail feathers evenly margined with buff; centre of throat and 
abdomen whitish ; chest and flanks creamy, on the former 
spotted with brown. 
Distribution: Resident throughout most of the Pale- 
arctic Region. 
Habitat: Meadows, stubble-fields, commons, or sea-coast. 
