108 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
WOOD LARK. Vv 
Alauda BE, an Linn. 
Adult (Summer): Feathers of upper parts brown with 
very dark brown centres, except on rump ; superciliary stripe 
conspicuous, yellowish-white and extending to nape; primary 
coverts tipped with white ; outermost pair of rectrices brown 
at apex, next two pairs white tipped ; deneath creamy-white, the 
throat and breast very darkly and distinctly streaked ; bill 
brown; legs and feet light brown; irides dark brown. 
Length 5°5 inches ; culmen 0°45 ; wing 3°65; tail 2°25; tarsus 
o°8. 
Adult (Winter): Upper parts richer and of a more 
buffish-brown ; beneath tinged with rufous on breast and not 
quite so conspicuously marked ; superciliary stripe whiter than 
in summer. | 
Immature Birds: More rufous above, the feathers being 
also bordered with light buff. 
Distribution: “Unequally distributed. over the Western 
Palearctic Region, south of latitude 60° N.” 
Habitat: Cultivated localities usually near trees ; borders 
of commons. 
CRESTED LARK. *% 
Alauda cristata Zinn. 
Adult (Summer): User parts brown, varied with darker 
brown and buff, becoming reddish-brown upon the crown, 
where the feathers are elongated into a crest with fotnted 
ends ; wings brown with dark shafts and pale margins ; central 
and outermost pairs of rectrices pale brown, the latter exter- 
nally margined with yellowish-white, rest of tail-feathers darker 
brown ; superciliary streak pale buff ; ear-coverts dark brown ; - 
chin and throat white, rest of under parts more or less washed 
with buff and spotted on chest and sides of throat with brown ; 
axillaries rufous-buff ; flanks streaked with brown ; bill brown, 
paler at base ; legs and feet pale brown; irides dark brown. 
Length 6°9 inches; cudmen 0°75; wing 3°9 to 4°3 ; tail 2°25 
tOy2-5)5) tarsus ai. 
2 cen 
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