ALAUDIDA:—LAREKS. 109 
Adult (Winter): Very similar to summer dress but duller 
on account of the grey margins assumed by the feathers above. 
Young in first plumage: Above paler and more rufous 
than adult bird, most of the feathers having a subterminal dark 
bar and nearly white tip; under parts less conspicuously 
spotted, the marks more blended together. 
Distribution : Resident throughout most of Continental 
Europe and Asia. Of rare occurrence in the south of Eng- 
land. 
Habitat : Cultivated regions, often near human habitations, 
roadsides, vineyards, &c. 
Genus CALANDRELLA. 
SHORT-TOED LARK. x 
Calandrella brachydactyla (Lezs/). 
Adult: Adove brown, with dark centres to the feathers ; 
crown and back (especially former) distinctly washed with fawn 
colour ; wing-feathers greyish-brown with pale borders ; outer 
primary margined with pale buff; tail-feathers dark brown, 
outermost pair with centre webs chiefly creamy-white, next 
pair with terminal part of outer web the same ; central rectrices 
bordered with light sandy-grey ; lores and superciliary stripe 
creamy-white ; cheeks marked with dark brown, under parts 
dull white, shaded with brownish-buff on chest ; sedes of neck 
with a few obscure blotches of dark brown ; flanks washed with 
brownish-buff; bill flesh-colour, darker on ridge of culmen ; 
legs and feet light brown; irides olive-brown. Length 5°5 to 
5°75 inches; culmen 0°4; wing 3°5; tail 2°25 to 2°4; tarsus 
oye 
Immature Birds: Have the feathers margined externally 
with buff and show more brown markings on the sides of 
throat. 
Distribution : Resident in Southern Europe and Northern 
Africa, occurring eastward as far as India. Seen occasionally 
in south of England. 
Habitat: Sandy plains, ploughed fields. 
