126 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
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Order 2 1Cl. 
Family PICIDA. 
Subfamily PICINA. 
Genus PICUS. 
GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER, 
Picus martius /7n7. 
Adult Male: Entire plumage black or brownish-black, ex- 
cept the crown, which is crimson, bill dull bluish, blackish 
towards tip; legs and feet dark grey ; irides light yellow. Length 
about'1s inches; culmen 2°3; wing 9°2 ; tarsus 1°3; tail 772) 
Adult Female: Very like the male, but somewhat 
browner and having the crimson confined to the occiput. 
Young: Similar, but duller, and the red patch on the 
crown imperfectly developed. 
Distribution: Ranges from Scandinavia throughout 
Northern Asia to Japan. 
Habitat: Dense forests. 
GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKER.V 
Picus major Linn. 
Adult Male: Forehead buff; crown and back glossy 
black; a patch on hinder head crimson; sides of face white ; 
from base of bill to nape runs a broad black band ; another 
black band traversing sides of chest; centre of hind neck 
black, with two large white blotches on either side; scapulars 
white ; quills black, the primaries spotted with white on both 
webs, longest feathers having five or six such spots ; rump and 
