PICID4Z—WOODPECKERS. 127 
central tail-feathers J/ack; outer ones barred alternately with 
black and white or brownish ; under parts brownish cream- 
colour ; vent and under ¢ail-coverts crimson ; bill, legs, and feet 
dark grey ; irides pale red. Length 9‘25 inches ; culmen 1'r5 ; 
wing 5°5 to 6; tail 4; tarsus 095. 
Adult Female: Similar to male but has the extire crown 
and hinder neck d/ack with no trace of red ; red on lower abdo- 
men and vent not so brilliant. 
Young: Very similar, but have the eztive crown crimson ; 
under parts duller than in adults, and often streaked with brown 
on sides of body. 
Distribution : Pretty generally distributed throughout the 
European continent. 
Habitat: Large deciduous woods. 
WHITE-BACKED WOODPECKER. \/ 
Picus leuconotus Aechs¢é. 
Adult Male: Luxtire crown crimson ; forehead, entire sides 
of face and nape white; centre of nape, back and scapulars 
black ; rump white or marked here and there with black ; upper 
tail-coverts black; wings blackish; innermost secondaries 
barred, and primaries spotted on both webs with white ; tail- 
feathers black, except outer ones which are white, barred with 
black ; throat bordered on either side by broad band of black 
which widens out on the sides of the neck ; under parts creamy- 
white, shading into vermilion on lower abdomen and vent ; 
sides of body striped with black ; bill horn-blue ; feet leaden- 
grey ; irides nut-brown. Length 10°3 inches ; culmen 1°3 ; wing 
5°75; tail 3°9; tarsus 1. 
Adult Female: Crown black; black on sides of neck 
more extended, almost reaching to crown. 
Young: Resemble adults, but the red of the crown is paler 
(in young females yellower) ; no red on abdomen ; flanks grey, 
striped with black. 
Distribution : Resident in Northern and Eastern-central 
Europe. 
Habitat: Similar to that of D. major, but frequents plains 
chiefly, not mountainous regions. 
