VULTURID4—VULTURES. 147 
Genus VULTUR. 
BLACK OE CINE REOUS VULTURE: 
Vultur monachus Zinn. 
Adult: Downy feathers on crowz, stdes of face and throat 
black ; rest of neck and throat bare of feathers ; plumage of 
both upper and under parts drownish-black ; base of bill and 
space between rami of lower mandible flesh-colour ; anterior 
portion of both mandibles black; legs and feet flesh-colour ; 
irides brown. Length 42 inches; culmen 3°3; wing 28 to 30; 
tarsus 4. 
Young: Similar, but much browner. 
Distribution: Inhabits Southern Europe, of rare occur- 
rence northward. Abundant in Spain. Found also in 
Northern Africa and in India. 
Habitat : Wooded districts. 
Genus NEOPHRON. 
EGYPTIAN VULTURE. 
Neophron percnopterus (Zz). 
Adult: Bare parts of head and neck yellowish ; plumage of 
upper and under parts chiefly white, tinged with buff; wings 
black, the outer webs of many of the feathers washed with white ; 
base of bill yellow, the rest dusky ; legs and feet flesh-colour ; 
irides crimson. Length 26 to 27 inches; culmen 3; weng 
18-5 to 19; tail 10; tarsus 3°4. 
Immature Birds: Brown both above and beneath, darker 
on the neck, ruff and elsewhere marked with creamy-buff ; bill 
duller than in adults ; irides brown. 
Distribution : Inhabits those European countries border- 
ing the Mediterranean, also Africa and South-western Asia; of 
casual occurrence in Northern Europe. 
Habitat: Dry, sandy regions ; high cliffs, near human habi- 
tations: gregarious. 
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