148 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
Genus GYPAETUS. 
BEARDED VULTURE. 
Gypeetus barbatus (Lzzz). 
Adult : Crown whitish, hinder crown and elongated /anceo- 
late neckSeathers tawny-buff ; rest of upper parts chiefly black, 
the feathers mostly narrowly streaked with white; scapulars 
washed with ochreous-brown, wings and tail-feathers blackish- 
brown with white shafts ; elongated chin feathers, ores, bristles 
covering nostrils, a broad line above and another below the eye, 
black ; general colour of under parts rich tawny-brown ; bill 
deep horn-blue, darker at tip; feet leaden-grey ; claws pale 
horn-colour; irides pale orange. Length about 42 inches; calmen 
g°7 ;hwme. sor; tailizo.:. tarsusi2: 
Young assuming first plumage: Feathers both above 
and beneath deep brown, with whitish tips to many of back 
feathers, wing-coverts and breast feathers ; downy parts smoky- 
brown. 
Young in Spring: Head and neck deep blackish-brown ; 
back brown (dark or light) mixed with buff, especially on fore 
parts and on wing-coverts; wings dark brown ; secondaries paler 
and buffish at base of outer web ; tail dark brown ; under parts 
dull buff, washed with rufous on fore parts ; irides hazel-brown ; 
bill and legs very much as in adult. 
Distribution : Inhabits the higher ranges of the Pyrenees, 
Alps, Atlas and North-western Himalayas. 
Habitat: High mountainous regions, precipitous cliffs. 
Family FALCONIDA. 
Genus CIRCUS. 
MARSH HARRIER. 
Circus zruginosus (Zzzm). 
Adult : Head buff, streaked (especially behind) with brown ; 
back and scapulars dark brown, the latter obscurely shaded 
with paler brown ; wings dark brown, except secondaries, which 
