FALCONIDAE—EAGLES. ~ 159 
Genus HALIAETUS. 
WHITE-TAILED OR SEA-EAGLE. 
Haliaetus albicilla (zzz). 
Adult: Above brown ; fore parts exceedingly pale (almost 
white in very old birds) ; ¢az/ zw/zte; under parts deep brown ; 
bill, cere, feet, and irides yellow ; claws blackish. Length 28 
to 30 inches ; cu/men 3°6; wing 24 to 26; tail 11°5; tarsus 
4°2. All these dimensions in adult females are somewhat 
larger. 
Immature Birds: Plumage both above and beneath more 
uniform dark brown than in adults ; tail dark brown or whitish 
mottled with brown; bill black ; cere and feet yellowish or 
yellowish-brown ; irides dark brown. Fully as large as adults. 
Distribution: Inhabits the Palearctic region, occurring in 
Southern Europe and in Northern Africa chiefly on migration. 
Habitat: Sea cliffs, inland lakes or high precipices not far 
away from water. 
PALLAS’S SEA-EAGLE. 
Haliaetus leucoryphus Pui. 
Adult : Fore parts pale shaded rufescent-brown, palest on 
chin and upper part of throat ; back and wings deep brown, 
deeper on the latter ; tac? white, broadly banded with black at 
the tip ; beneath shaded reddish-brown ; bill dark horn; cere 
pale green ; legs and feet whitish ; irides pale yellow. Length 
B2eiches ; culmern 2°55 wing: 225 tail 1r-7; “tarstis ¢:65. 
Female similar but superior in size. 
Young: Upper parts dark brown; the dorsal feathers 
darker at the base; wing-coverts lighter, the median coverts 
with light brown margins, the larger ones tipped with pale 
brown ; quills blackish, externally washed with ashy ; tail dark 
brown, with an ashy shade; upper tail-coverts margined with 
pale brown ; head and neck dark fulvous-brown, streaked with 
sandy-brown ; rest of the under parts rather lighter fulvous- 
brown, the feathers on the breast tipped and margined with 
whity-brown ; legs pale lemon-yellow (Dresser). 
