166 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
JER-FALCON. 
Falco gffalco Linn. 
Adult Male: Adove leaden-grey, paler and bluer towards 
the tail, barred with slaty-grey, and margins of most feathers 
whitish ; forehead whitish ; crown, sides of head and dstinct 
moustache mottled with d/ackish-grey ; quills dark brown, the 
outer webs freckled with grey ; tail broadly barred with dark 
grey, and whitish towards tip; beneath white, the fore parts 
little marked ; breast and abdomen marked with long drop- 
shaped streaks, and flanks with bars of blackish ; bill bluish- 
horn, blacker at tip ; cere, legs and feet yellow ; irides and claws 
blackish. Lexgth about 20 inches; culmen 1°33 wing 13'5 
fou4?s.;- tall 3 5 tarsus 2. 
Adult Female: Resémbles the male except in size 
Length 21 to.24 inches; wing 15 to 16; tail 9°) to 105 tarsus 
BEOH £O 3. 
Young: Brown, with fulvous spots and mottlings on the 
edges of the scapulars and inner secondaries, rather more 
distinct on the upper tail-coverts ; tail dark brown, with im- 
perfect bands of fulvous, all the wing-coverts and quills exter- 
nally dotted with minute fulvous spots, the latter externally 
barred with buff; crown, sides of head and nape buffy-white, 
striped with dark brown; forehead white with very narrow 
dark streaks; under surface white, with central dark brown 
patches on each feather, narrower on the throat; bill horn- 
blue, yellow at base of lower mandible. 
Distribution: Inhabits Northern Scandinavia, Northern 
Russia, and the Arctic regions of Northern Asia and America. 
Habitat: Similar to / candicans. 
ICELAND FALCON. 
Falco islandus Gwme/. 
Adult Male: ead white, streaked with blackish, very 
narrowly so on forehead ; cheeks marked like crown; prevail- 
ing colour of wpper parts brownish slaty-grey, the feathers 
barred and bordered with whitish; tail-feathers greyer than 
back, and barred with darker grey ; chin and throat pure white, 
