FALCONIDA:— OSPREY. 173 
parts having more or less broad pale margins and tips ; 
especially noticeable on the tips of the primaries. 
Distribution ; Occurs throughout the Palearctic oe 
(except in the extreme north), also in Africa. 
Habitat: Precipices, moorland, cultivated land, &c. 
LESSER KESTREL. 
Falco cenchris Vaum. 
Adult Male: Head, nape, rump, upper tail-coverts and tail 
and innermost secondaries grey ; back absolutely unspotted, but 
having the broad black subterminal tail-band as in & “nnun- 
culus ; beneath similar to / ¢znnunculus, but sparingly spotted ; 
base of bill, cere and legs yellow; tip of bill bluish-black ; 
claws usually whitish ; rides brown. Length 17-5 to 12°5 inches ; 
culmen 0°65 ; wing 9°‘5; tail 6; tarsus 1°1. 
Adult Female: Very much resembles the female / tn- 
nunculus, but may be distinguished by its white or at any rate 
much paler claws, smaller size, and grey central rectrices. 
Lengtn 12 to 13 inches; wing 9. 
Immature Birds: Resemble adult female but are paler, 
the tail-feathers being tinged with rufous; quills, scapulars 
and secondaries pale tipped. 
Distribution : Summer visitant to the northern shores of 
the Mediterranean and eastward into Persia. Winters in 
Southern Africa. Of casual occurrence in Northern Europe. 
Habitat: Rocky localities, or among ruins. Insectivorous. 
Genus PANDION. 
OSPREY. 
Pandion haliaétus. (Zzz.) 
Adult: Forepart of head brown, crown and xafe white, 
streaked (more or less broadly) with brown, the feathers 
on latter elongated ; rest of upper parts dark brown ; primaries 
white, on inner webs, barred with brown; inner webs of tail- 
feathers (except central pair) alternately barred with whitish and 
brown ; beneath white, with a droad band of pale brown across 
