ANATIDA—DUCKS. 197 
black; some of scapulars brown with buff edges ; primaries 
greyish-brown ; some of secondaries brown, others ddack and 
others again zwAzfe on outer margins, giving a variegated specu- 
Jum; most of smaller coverts chestnut ; chest and flanks 
marked like fore part of back, but more boldly and with black- 
ish-brown ; centre of abdomen whitish ; bill black ; legs and 
feet orange-brown ; irides brown. Length 19 to 20 inches ; 
culmen 1°9 ; wing 10°5 to 1:; tail 4:2; tarsus 1°4. Female 
plumage assumed in summer. 
Adult Female: General appearance of upper parts much 
resembling A. doscas, but may at once be distinguished by its 
white wing speculum, but showing less chestnut on coverts ; 
chest pale rufous-brown, shading into white on breast, each 
feather having a blackish centre ; chin and rest of under parts 
white, obscurely spotted on flanks with brown. 
Young in first plumage: Closely resemble adult females 
but lack any chestnut on the wing-coverts. 
Immature Birds: Differ from the adults in being less 
boldly marked about the wings and young males are said to 
have narrower margins to the feathers of the back. 
Distribution: Inhabits both Palearctic and Nearctic 
regions, breeding in Northern Europe and also in Spain. 
Habitat: Lakes, rivers and other fresh waters. 
SHOVELLER. 
Anas clypeata Linn. 
Adult Male: Head and fore neck deep metallic-green, 
most of lower neck and scapulars white; elongated scapulars 
white, black and blue; centre of back brown ; rump and tail- 
coverts glossy black; zmg-speculum metallic-green ; tips of 
greater wing-coverts white ; smaller wing-coverts slaty-grey ; 
under parts below the chest chocolate-brown ; bill broadly 
dilated, black; legs and feet orange; irides yellow. Length 
about 21 inches; culmen 2°75; wing 9 to 10; tail 3; tarsus 
1°3. Female plumage assumed in summer-time. 
Adult Female: Above dark brown, the back feathers 
having broad buff margins ; wings as in male, but the grey of 
the smaller wing-coverts is duller and less pronounced, and 
speculum less brilliant ; beneath brownish-buff, blotched on 
