ANATIDAA—DUCKS. 203 
SCAUP. 
Fuligula marila (Lzvz.). 
Adult Male: Head cnd entire fore parts deep, glossy black ; 
centre of back and scapulars greyish-white, vermiculated with 
black; rump and tail-coverts deep brown ; prevailing colour of 
wings dusky-brown, the lesser coverts mottled with white, 
secondaries white, broadly tipped with brown ; abdomen white ; 
bill pale blue, the nail black; legs and feet dark grey, 
membranes blackish ; irides yellow. Length 18 to 20 inches ; 
culmen 1°8; wing 8°5; tail 2°5; tarsus 1°4. 
Adult Female: All feathers round base of bill nearly 
white ; general colour of upper parts and chest chocolate- 
brown, sparingly vermiculated with whitish ; flanks obscurely 
barred with brown. 
Young in first plumage: Have less white round base of 
bill, very little vermiculation above ; breast feathers tipped with 
white, otherwise much resembling adult female. 
Distribution: Found throughout most of the Western 
Palearctic region, occurring in the southern parts in winter. 
Distributed also over Northern and Central Asia and the 
Nearctic region. 
Habitat : Chiefly confined to fresh waters. 
TURTED DUCK: 
Fuligula cristata (Leach). 
Adult Male: Entire fore parts and breast glossy black, 
the crown feathers considerably elongated ; rest of upper parts 
black or brownish-black, very finely vermiculated on centre of 
back and scapulars with brown; secondaries white, broadly 
tipped with dark brown; under parts below breast glossy 
white ; under tail-coverts black ; bill pale slate-colour with 
black nail; legs bluish-grey ; membranes dusky ; irides pale 
yellow. Length 15 to 17 inches ; culmen 1°53 wing 8:2 ; 
tail 2-4: tarsus 1°25. 
Adult Female : Differs from the male by being dark brown 
above; crest shorter; abdomen brown’sh-grey, shading into 
