204 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
dark brown on under tail-covergges flanks blotched with reddish- 
brown ; wing-speculum smaller. 
Young in first plumage: Are paler brown than adult 
females and have a considerable number of white feathers 
about base of bill and on abdomen; crest absent. 
Immature Males: Are less glossy than adults, the breast 
feathers are white-tipped and the chin is partly white. 
Distribution: Inhabits the more temperate parts of the 
Palearctic region. 
Habitat: Like the last-named frequents fresh waters, also 
the sea-coast in winter. 
FERRUGINOUS OR WHITE-EYED DUCK. 
Fuligula nyroca (Gu/d.). 
Adult Male: Head, neck, upper throat and sides of body 
rich ferruginous ; lower neck encircled with a dusky collar ; 
spot on chin whitish ; dack, wings and tail dark brown; wing- 
speculum white, bordered before by black ; breast and under tail- 
coverts pure white, shading into brown on abdomen ; bill slaty- 
grey with black nail; legs and feet dark lead-colour, blackish 
on webs ; z7zdes white. Jength about 16 inches; culmen 1°6; 
wing 7 to 75% tail 2°39); tarsus a: 
Adult Female: Differs from male in having the colours 
more obscure, the feathers of back and breast having lighter 
tips ; abdomen marked with brown, and irides not so white... 
Adults (Winter) : Duller and less conspicuously red than 
in breeding dress, and have the chest feathers tipped with 
white. Females may be distinguished by their tawny abdo- 
mens, some of the feathers having white tips. 
Young of the year: Scarcely distinguishabie from the 
adult female, though a trifle less ferruginous. 
Distribution: Found in the temperate and southern 
portions of the Palearctic region. Of rare occurrence in 
Northern Europe. 
Habitat: Chiefly confined to large fresh waters. 
