ANATID.Z—DUCKS. 207 
LONG-TAILED DUCK. 
Fuligula glacialis (Zzun.). 
Adult Male (Summer): //ead, fore part of neck and 
upper back wre, loral region shaded with brownish-grey ; on 
either side of throat a large patch of brown; back, rump, 
wings, tail-feathers and upper tail-coverts dark brown ; ¢he two 
central rectrices very much elongated and narrow ,; elongated 
lower scapulars, and under parts below the breast pure white ; 
the flanks shaded with pale grey; extive breast brown ; basal 
portion of bill and nail black, otherwise orange-red ; legs and 
feet dark slate-colour, darker on webs; irides reddish-brown. 
Length (without central rectrices) about 22 inches; culmen 
I°2; wing 8°4 to 9; tail 6°9 ; tarsus 1-2. 
Adult Female (Autumn): Crown, nape and _ region 
below the ear-coverts dull sooty-brown; cheeks and _ throat 
whitish, mottled with dull brown; a ring round lower neck 
nearly white ; upper parts generally dark brown, most of the 
feathers more or less broadly margined with rufous; rump 
feathers tipped with whitish ; beneath white, shading into dull 
brown on breast which becomes darker towards the white 
neck-ring ; most of chest feathers with darker centres. 
Adult Male (Winter) : Differs from the summer plumage 
by having the cheeks only greyish-white and the scapulars 
furnished with broad rufous or rufous-buff margins and dark 
centres. 
Young in first plumage: Resemble the adult female, 
but are greyer about the head and more uniformly brown on 
the back, the scapulars and feathers of mantle margined with 
dull rufous-brown. 
Immature Males: Show whitish bases to the scapular 
feathers, which contrast strongly with very dark brown of 
centre of back. 
Distribution: A Circumpolar species which migrates 
southward in autumn through both Eastern and Western 
Hemispheres. 
Habitat: High fresh-water lakes or tarns. Frequents the 
sea-coast in winter-time. 
