216 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
tail-coverts ashy-grey ; tail neggly black at tip ; wings conspicu- 
ously marked with ¢zwo broadMblack transverse bars ; feathers of 
chest and sides of neck glossed with shades of green and 
purple ; bill brownish-black ; legs and feet deep red ; irides pale 
orange. Length 11 to 13 inches; culmen 0°7; wing 8°5 ; tail 
Aa5i5 tarsus 1. 
Adult Female: Distinguishable only by its slightly 
smaller size and less conspicuously coloured neck. 
Young in first plumage: Are suffused with brown on 
the back and under parts. 
Distribution: Generally distributed over the Western 
Palearctic region, except in the far north. 
Habitat : Precipitous cliffs, chiefly on the coast. 
STOCK-DOVE.\ 
Columba cenas Zznn. 
Adult Male: Plumage generally, including the rump, grey- 
ish-blue ; fore part of breast washed with vinaceous-red ; szdes 
of neck glossed with metallic green and purple ; some of wing- 
coverts and innermost secondaries marked with brown patches, ~ 
thus forming a rudimentary wing-bar ; bill red at base, whitish 
towards tip; legs and feet coral-red; irides red. Length 
about 13°5 inches; culmen 07; wing 8°5 to 9; tail 4; tar- 
sus I, 
Adult Female: Slightly smaller and with less of the 
metallic gloss on the neck or of the pink suffusion on the 
chest. 
Young: Browner and with no metallic appearance on the 
neck. 
Distribution : Occurs throughout the Western Palearctic 
region as far north as lat. 60° or 61°, and ranges into Asia 
as far as the Tigris river. 
Habitat : Wooded regions, commons, etc., nesting in holes 
in trees or in old rabbit burrows. 
Genus TURTUR. ee 
TURTLE DOVE. 
Turtur communis Se/dy. 
Adult Male: ead and nape davender; on either side of 
