230 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
Genus TETRAO. cd 
BLACK GROUSE. whe 
Tetrao tetrix Zn. 
Adult Male: Plumage chiefly g/ossy black, shaded on 
scapulars and wing-coverts with brown; head, neck and rump 
glossed with purple; zwzxzgs brown, crossed by a broad white 
band; axillaries and wnder tail-coverts pure white; some of 
latter longer than central rectrices ; outer tail-feathers hooked 
outwards, the tail thus appearing lyre-shaped ; above the eye 
a scarlet comb ; bill, feet and claws nearly black ; irides hazel- 
brown. Length (to end of longest rectrices) 20 fo 23 inches ; 
culmen 1; wing 9°5 to 10; tail 7°5 ; tarsus 1°8. 
Adult Female: General colour chestnut, shading into 
grey on wing-coverts, breast and under tail-coverts, throughout 
barred, blotched and vermiculated with black; under tail- 
coverts nearly white ; bill, feet and claws dark brown ; irides 
hazel. Considerably smaller than the male. . 
Young in first plumage: Resemble the adult female. 
Young Male in Autumn: The head, wing-coverts, 
scapulars, and upper tail-coverts coloured much as in female, 
otherwise d Jl black, with very little indication of the curved 
outer rectrices. 
Distribution: Inhabits Northern Europe, including the 
British Islands, also some of the higher districts of Central 
and Southern Europe. Ranges eastward across Siberia to 
China. 
Habitat: Moorlands and forests (especially coniferous). 
GEORGIAN BLACK GROUSE. 
Tetrao mlokosiewiczi (7Zuacs.). 
Adult Male: Axz//aries and some of under wing-coverts 
white; entire plumage otherwise deep black, glossed with deep 
green; quills and legs much browner; tail long, the outer 
feathers curved outwards as in male 7? Ze¢rv7x, but less decidedly, 
and more pointed ; comb scarlet as in 7: fe¢vzx ; bill, feet and 
