TETRAONID.4—CAPERCAILLIE. 231 
claws brown. Length 20 inches; culmen1; wang 7'9; tail 
g; tarsus 2°25. 
Adult Female: Differs from female of Z: ¢e¢vix in the 
following respects: ‘‘ General coloration greyish, closely ver- 
miculated with blackish-brown and rusty-brown, the upper 
parts being rather more rufous-brown, and the under parts 
rather less rufous ; throat whiter, the markings being wider 
apart ; quills dark brown, the primaries marbled on the outer 
web with light brown, and the secondaries rather boldly marked 
with blackish and light reddish, and tipped with white ; tail 
long, almost square, blackish-brown, closely variegated with 
rufous and sandy-yellow ; under parts closely vermiculated 
with blackish-brown on a greyish ground ; centre of abdomen 
marked with black ; under tail-coverts reddish, broadly barred 
with blackish and tipped with white. Culmen 1°05; wing 
(oj tall O25 > tarsus 2°25-" (Dresser). 
Distribution: Apparently confined to the Caucasus. 
Habitat: Elevated regions, covered with herbage, not 
found in the low country. 
CAPERCAILLIE. 
Tetrao urogallus Zznn. 
“Adult Male: Prevailing colour ashy-grey, much darker on 
the head ; chin feathers elongated, black ; scapulars and wings 
chestnut-brown, finely vermiculated and speckled on all the 
upper parts with dusky ; longest upper tail-coverts, and some 
of winy-coverts tipped with white ; tail much rounded, black ; 
breast glossed with dark green, rest of under parts blackish, 
speckled in parts with white; feathers of tarsi brown, and 
hair-like ; bill greyish-white ; feet and irides brown ; bare skin 
above the eyes scarlet. Length 34 to 36 inches; culmen 2'5 ; 
wing 14°8 to 16; tail 11 ; tarsus 3. 
Adult Female: Prevailing colour pale chestnut, darker 
and richer on the throat and chest, which are almost spotless ; 
the feathers elsewhere barred, spotted or vermiculated with 
black, many having also white tips ; wings brown, mottled with 
rufous ; tail bright rufous, barred with black, and broadly tipped 
with white, as are also the secondaries and tail-coverts. 
Young in first plumage: Resemble the adult female. 
